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过量饮酒可致多种癌症
发布时间:2011-02-28 01:49     来源:君健网

  世界卫生组织11日发出警告,全球因饮酒导致死亡的人数占死亡总人数的4%,高于艾滋病、结核病和暴力致死所占比例。酗酒能引发数十种疾病,也是不少交通事故和暴力行为的“罪魁祸首”。

  ◆酗酒者在增加

  世卫组织发布“全球酒精与健康状况报告”显示,每年有250万人的死因和酒精有关,占全球死亡总人数的4%。路透社援引报告内容报道,对年龄在15岁至59岁间男性而言,酒精是引发死亡的头号威胁因素。而酗酒对年轻人更为致命。在俄罗斯和独立国家联合体国家,每5例死亡中就有1例死因为酗酒,比率为全球最高。在巴西、哈萨克斯坦、墨西哥、南非、乌克兰和俄罗斯,酗酒现象广泛存在。而其他国家的酗酒行为也在逐年增加。全球大约11%的饮酒者每周酗酒一次,其中男性人数是女性的4倍。在所有国家和地区,男性沉溺于酒精的概率高于女性。

  ◆酗酒致病

  世卫组织2004年的报告显示,酒精能引发60种疾病和伤痛。饮酒会导致肠道、乳腺、喉部、肝部癌症,以及肝硬化、癫痫、中毒等问题。一些自制和非法生产的酒占全球酒类消耗总量的30%,而这些酒中的一部分含有毒素。事实上,对健康而言,酒并非一无是处。世卫组织说,适度饮酒有助于缓解心脏病和中风,但过量饮酒则不具有这些效果。发展中国家酒类消耗量较高,而欧洲国家的酗酒比例相对较低,大多数适度饮酒。北非、撒哈拉以南和南亚地区饮酒量最低,许多人出于宗教信仰不饮酒。

  ◆政策控酒

  世卫组织认为,要控制饮酒,行之有效的方法之一是增税。这一方法对控制年轻人饮酒尤其有效。一些国家出台政策约束含酒精饮料的市场规模,或限定体育赛事的赞助商,把酒类企业排除在外。但一些制酒企业担心,对酒类产品的价格控制和增税政策可能导致负面效果,因为这会使得更多人选取饮用自制或非法生产的酒,更加有害健康。

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